Russian Websites Remain Dependent on Foreign SSL Certificates and Analytics Despite Sanctions

A Russian security researcher developed an open-source tool to scan websites for dependencies on foreign services that could be cut off abruptly. The scan of 50 major Russian sites including banks, retailers, telecoms, airlines, delivery services, online schools and government portals revealed that servers have largely been migrated domestically. However, critical components such as SSL certificates, analytics platforms and fonts remain tied to overseas providers. 43 out of 50 sites still use foreign SSL certificates, primarily from Belgian GlobalSign and American Let's Encrypt, while only four rely on the Russian NUC certificate from the Ministry of Digital Development. The study also highlights legal obligations under Roskomnadzor rules effective since March 2023 requiring prior notification for cross-border personal data transfers. Many sites continue using Google Analytics, Google Fonts and reCAPTCHA without realizing the compliance and resilience risks. The tool assigns letter grades from A to F based on the number of foreign dependencies detected.

HabrTranslated from Russian

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A Russian security researcher tested how many domestic websites would break if foreign service providers suddenly stopped serving Russian clients. The project examined 50 large Russian sites across banking, retail, telecom, aviation, delivery, online education and government sectors.

The motivation stems from real incidents such as Namecheap terminating services for Russian customers in 2022 and foreign certificate authorities revoking or refusing to renew certificates. Additional pressure comes from the March 2023 regulation requiring advance notification to Roskomnadzor for any cross-border transfer of personal data.

The researcher created an open-source browser-based scanner that checks main pages and key internal sections for foreign dependencies. Each detected dependency lowers the site’s score, resulting in a final grade from A to F.

Results showed the following distribution: 19 sites received A, 19 received B, 5 received C, 6 received D and 1 received F. Most infrastructure has moved to Russian servers, yet peripheral services remain exposed.

SSL certificates represent the largest single dependency. 43 of the 50 sites still use foreign certificates, most commonly GlobalSign (29 sites) and Let's Encrypt (12 sites). Only four sites employ the Russian NUC certificate issued by the Ministry of Digital Development. Because major browsers do not trust NUC by default, complete removal of foreign certificates is impractical; rapid replacement capability is the realistic goal.

Other common foreign elements include analytics platforms, font services and CAPTCHA solutions that transmit visitor IP addresses abroad. Many site owners installed these tools years ago and have not reassessed the resulting legal and operational exposure.

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